|
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|
1
subject
|
2
indirect
|
3
direct
|
4
reflexive
|
5
with
preposition |
6
Possessive
pronouns |
7
Possessive
adjectives
|
Yo
Tú
Él
Ella
Vd.
Nosotros/as
Vosotros/as
Ellos
Ellas
Vds.
|
Me
Te
} Le (se)
Nos
Os
} Les (se)
|
Me
Te
Lo
La
Lo/La
Nos
Os
Los
Las
Los/Las
|
Me
Te
} Se
Nos
Os
} Se
|
Mí
Ti
Él (ello)
Ella
Vd.
Nosotros/as
Vosotros/as
Ellos
Ellas
Vds.
|
Mío/a/s
Tuyo/a/s
} Suyo/a/s
Nuestro/a/s
Vuestro-a/s
} Suyo/a/s
|
Mi-s
Tu-s
} Su-s
Nuestro-a/s
Vuestro-a/s
} Su-s
|
|
1. The subject personal pronoun:
I, you
form usted / es = (Vd. Vds.)
-
tú and
él have an accent in order to be distinguished from
tu (your, poss. adjective)
and el (definite article).
|
tú
tomas tu libro |
you
take your book. |
- In general the subject
personal pronoun is not much used,
because the endings in the verbs
|
Salgo de casa. |
I
go out of the house. |
-
Nevertheless, it will be used if we want to stress who is the
subject of a sentence.
|
Yo
lo haré, no tú.
|
I
will do it, not you |
2. Indirect pronouns: to me, to you,
to him / her, to us, to you, to them.
-
LE and
LES change to
SE before
the direct pronoun LO,
LA, LOS, LAS.
|
Se lo
diré mañana. |
I
will tell him (her) tomorrow. |
3. Direct pronouns:
me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them.
|
Mi amigo está aquí,
lo
veo.
Mis amigos están aquí,
los
veo.
Mi amiga está aquí,
la
veo.
Mis amigas están aquí,
las
veo. |
My boy-friend is here I
see him.
My boy-friends are here I
see them.
My girl-friend is here I see her.
My girl-friends are here I see
them. |
4. Reflexive
pronouns:
myself, yourself, himself, herself, oneself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
The infinitive
of reflexive verbs are followed by the third person pronoun
SE and
forming a unique word.
|
lavarse,
mirarse |
to
wash oneself, to look at oneself. |
5.
Personal pronouns with preposition: for
me, for you, ...etc.
-
has an accent in order to be distinguished from the possessive
adjective "Mi".
-
ÉL, ELLA, UD. and
their plural changes to "SÍ",
if the subject is the same as the
complement.
|
Él lo toma
para sí (para
él, ella, etc. mismo/a). |
He
takes it for himself. (or herself). |
-
"Sí" has an accent in order
to be distinguished from the conditional conjunction "si"
.
- The preposition
CON before
MÍ,
TI and SÍ changes to: conmigo, contigo, consigo.
-
ELLO means some indefinite
thing. (it)
|
Hablo de
ello.
|
I
speak about it. |
Note:
A personal direct or indirect pronoun preceded by an
A, can accompany another
personal pronoun of same person. With this repetition the
power of the sentence will be reinforced.
|
A mí, me
gusta el mar.
A
ti, te veo todos los días.
6 .
The possessive pronouns: mine, yours, his,
hers, ours, yours, theirs can be accompanied by a definite article:
el
mío, la mía,
los
míos, las mías.
-
It replaces a noun or it comes directly after it.
|
Tu coche es rojo,
el mío blanco.
¡Dios mío!
7.
Possessive adjective: my, your, his, her, our, your,
their.
- They are placed before the nouns.
-
MI, TU, SU are the same for
both genders.
|
Tu
padre y
tu madre.
My father and your mother. |
|
|
Position
of direct and indirect pronouns: |
|
a)
After the verb and forming a unique word if the pronouns
accompany a:
|
- Infinitive: |
darle
to give him |
verlo
to see it |
levantarse
to stand up |
|
|
- Gerund: |
dándole
giving him |
viéndolo
seeing it |
levantándose
staanding up |
|
|
- Imperative: |
dale
give him |
véanlo
see it |
levántese
stand up |
|
b)
Before the verb and separated if it goes with an indicative or
subjunctive:
|
te doy,
lo veo, te levantarás.
I
give to you, I see it, you will get up. |
c) In
case of two personal complement pronouns, first comes the
indirect and
then the direct.
|
dárselo
to give it to him
|
dándomelo
giving it to me |
dánoslas
give them to us |
se lo digo
I
say it to him |
nos las
traerá
he
will bring them to us |
d)
If a sentence has a verb in infinitive (or gerund) and another
in indicative,
the placement will be as follows:
- After the infinitive (or gerund) and in a unique word:
|
Quiero dártelo.
I
want to give it to you. |
-
Or before the indicative (or subjunctive) and separated from
it.
|
Te lo
quiero dar.
I
want to give it to you.
|
|
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria:
the Cathedral in the old quarter of the city.
This Spanish grammar explained in English is brought to you by
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|
DEMONSTRATIVE
ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS |
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|
|
near from speaker
|
near from
hearer |
far away
from both |
|
Masculine
|
ESTE / OS
this / these
|
ESE /
OS
that / those |
AQUEL
/ LOS
that / those |
|
Feminine |
ESTA / S
this
|
ESA / S
that /
those
|
AQUELLA / S
that /
those
|
|
Neuter
|
ESTO
the thing here |
ESO
the thing there |
AQUELLO
the thing there |
|
- It is a
pronoun if it replaces a noun.
|
esta
me gusta. |
I like this one.
|
-
It is an adjective if it comes before a noun.
|
ese
libro me gusta. |
I like that book. |
-
They correspond to the the adverbs of place: aquí, ahí, allí.
|
Aquí
(este)
Ahí
(ese)
Allí
(aquel) |
Here (this)
There (that)
There (that) |
-
The neuters (only as a pronouns) refers to some not defined
thing, (plural
or singular).
|
¿Qué es
esto?
¿Qué es
eso? |
What is this here?
What is that there? |
-
The personal pronoun "ello" is like a neuter demonstrative, similar to "esto".
|
Ello
es verdad
por
ello |
= eso es verdad.
= por eso. |
It
is true
That
is why |
|
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Casa de
Colón in Vegueta, the old quarter of the city.
This Spanish grammar explained in English is brought to you by
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|
They always have an accent. |
|
¿QUIÉN / ES? |
who?
|
Only
for persons
|
¿Quién
eres?
¿Quiénes
son? |
Who are you?
Who are they ?
|
|
|
¿QUÉ? |
what?
|
It
comes before a verb .
|
¿Qué
haces? |
What
do you do? |
As an invariable adjective
comes before a noun.
|
¿Qué
hora es? |
What
time is it? |
|
|
¿CUÁL / ES? |
which?
|
It
comes before a verb, never before a noun.
|
¿Cuál
es la diferencia? |
Which
is the difference? |
|
|
¿CÓMO? |
how?
|
Asks for the state, form,
colour...
|
¿Cómo
estás?
¿Cómo
es tú casa? |
How are you ?
How is your
house? |
|
|
¿DÓNDE?
= en dónde |
where?
|
Situation without
movement.
|
¿Dónde
está ella? |
Where is she?
|
|
|
¿ADÓNDE? |
where to?
|
With
verbs of movement to a destination.
|
¿Adónde
vas? |
Where
do you go to? |
|
|
¿DE DÓNDE? |
where from?
|
With verbs of movement
coming from another place.
|
¿De
dónde vienes? |
Where do you come from?
|
|
|
¿POR QUÉ? |
why? |
Asks
for the reason.
|
¿Por
qué haces esto?
Porque...
|
Why do you do
this?
Because...
|
|
|
¿PARA QUÉ? |
what
for? |
Asks
for the purpose or finality.
|
¿Para
qué usas esto? Para... |
What do you use this
for? |
|
|
¿CUÁNTO-A/S? |
how much?
how many? |
Asks for the quantity.
It has singular or plural, masculine or feminine.
|
¿Cuánto
vale?
¿Cuántas
son? |
How much does
it cost?
How many
are they? |
|
|
¿CUÁNDO? |
when? |
Asks for the quantity.
It has singular or plural, masculine or feminine.
|
¿Cuándo
vendrás?
|
When will you
come?
|
|
|
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Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.
This Spanish grammar explained in English is brought to you by
Gran
Canaria School of Languages.
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|
QUE |
who
which
that |
-
It can relate to the subject or to the object case and
can also
be preceded by a preposition or a definite
article
(él, la, los,
las).
-
It is invariable and serves for both genders and numbers,
for persons, things or animals.
|
El hombre
que viene.
La mujer que va.
El perro
que
veo.
Las peras que como.
El hombre
para el que trabajo.
|
The man who comes
The woman who
goes
The dog that I
see
The pears that
I eat
Der man for whom I work |
|
|
El-La
CUAL
Los-Las
CUALES
|
which |
-
Accompanied always by the definite article and can be
preceded by a preposition.
- It is used
for persons or things
- After a noun
can be used QUE as well
as CUAL.
|
La casa
en la cual
(en la que) vivo. |
The
house in which I live. |
|
|
QUIEN/ES |
who
whom |
-
Only for persons.
- Can be
preceded by a preposition.
- I can be
replaced by QUE or CUAL
if it goes
accompanied by a pronoun and a definite article
|
El hombre
con quien (con el que, con
el cual)
hablo es mi primo. |
The man, with whom I
speak is my cousin |
|
|
CUYO-A / S |
whose |
-
It relates to the possession case
- It has the
same meaning (in the masculine and
singular) as DE QUE, DEL
CUAL, DE QUIEN.
- Is used for
persons or things.
- The gender
and number depends of the possessed thing and not
of the possessor.
|
El hombre
cuyas
hijas conozco
es inglés. |
The man, whose daughters
I know, is an Englishman . |
|
|
CUANTO |
all
as much |
-
It relates to the quantity.
"Todo
lo que" or "tanto como" (as much as) have the
same meaning as "cuanto".
|
Gasto
todo cuanto
(lo que) quiero.
Or:
Gasto
tanto como
quiero. |
I
spend as much as I want
|
|
|
DONDE |
where |
-
It relates to a certain place.
- It has the
same meaning as "el lugar en que" (the place where)
|
Fue en
Madrid donde nació. |
It
was in Madrid, where he was born. |
|
|
LO QUE |
what |
-
It is used as a neuter form = "la cosa que" (the thing that)
|
Esto es
lo que quiero. |
This is what I want. |
|
Gran Canaria.
Beach in the South.
This Spanish grammar explained in English is brought to you by
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|
INDEFINITE
PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES |
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|
ALGO |
something
|
-
For things in the affirmative or interrogative form.
|
¿Hay
algo aquí?
Sí, hay
algo. |
Is
here something?
Yes there is something. |
|
|
NADA |
nothing
|
- For
things in the negative form.
- If it
precedes a verb this will be accompanied by the
negative adverb
"NO".
|
Nada
hay o No hay
nada. |
There
is nothing |
|
|
ALGUIEN |
anybody
somebody
|
-
For persons in the affirmative or interrogative form .
|
¿Hay
alguien aquí? Sí, hay
alguien. |
Is here anybody? Yes there
is somebody. |
|
|
NADIE
|
no one
|
-
For persons in the negative form.
If it
precedes a verb this will be accompanied by
the negative
adverb "NO".
|
Nadie
lo dice,
oder No lo
dice nadie. |
Nobody says it. |
|
|
ALGUNO-A/S
|
some
(any)
|
-
For
certain persons and things in the affirmative or interrogative
form.
|
¿Tienes
algúnos libros?
Sí, tengo
algunos. |
Have you any
books? Yes I have some .
|
- The plural
algunos
/ as can be substituted by unos / as.
|
|
NINGUNO-A
|
nobody
|
-
For certain persons and things in the negative form.
- If it
follows a verb this one will be accompanied by
the negative adverb "NO".
|
Ninguno
estaba allí.
O r:
Allí
no
estaba ninguno. |
Nobody was there.
or:
There, was nobody
|
-
Alguno
and ninguno, as
masculine adjectives, preceding a
noun, loose the ending "O".
|
¿Tiene
algún plan?
No
tengo ningún libro. |
Has he any
plan?
I have no books. |
|
|
CADA
|
each
|
-
The gender is
invariable
. But as a pronoun it can be "cada
uno" or "cada una",
(both genders).
-
It
comes always before a noun.
|
Cada alumno tiene un libro.
Cada chica tiene un sombrero.
|
Each boy has a
book .
Each girl has a
hat. |
|
|
SE
|
people (they) |
-
Invariable.
|
Se
dice que llegará
pronto. |
They
say he will arrive soon. |
|
|
CUALQUIERA
|
no matter who
(any)
|
- Invariable.
Preceding
a noun (as an
adjective)
it looses the ending
"A".
|
Cualquier
hombre.
Cualquier mujer. |
Any man.
Any woman. |
|
|
VARIOS-AS |
several |
|
Tiene
varios hijos y
varias hijas. |
He
has several sons and daughters. |
|
|
TAL-TALES
|
such |
|
No hablo
con tales personas. |
I
don’t speak with such people. |
|
|
MUCHO-A/S
|
many |
|
Muchos
lo quieren así. |
Many
people want it that way. |
|
|
POCO-A/S
|
litle
few |
|
Tengo
pocas ganas de ir.
|
I
have little interest to go. |
|
|
BASTANTE-S
|
enough |
|
Tengo
bastante dinero.
|
I
have enough money. |
|
|
OTROS-A/S
|
other |
-
It can be accompanied by a definite article but never by a
indefinite one.
|
Uno dijo
sí, el otro dijo no. |
One said yes, the other
said no. |
|
|
MISMO-A/S
|
same |
|
Hace el
mismo trabajo cada día. |
He makes every day the same
work. |
|
|
CIERTO-A/S
|
certain |
|
Tenemos
ciertos problemas. |
We
have certain problems. |
|
|
TODO-A/S
|
all |
|
Todos
estuvieron de acuerdo. |
All
of them agreed. |
|
Gran Canaria.
South coast.
This Spanish grammar explained in English is brought to you by
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|
PLACEMENT,
NUMBER AND GENDER OF ADJECTIVES |
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|
- The
adjectives follow the nouns with same gender and number.
|
La
casa blanca.
The
white house. |
Los
perros
negros.
The black dogs. |
|
|
But can also precede the nouns in order to reinforce the
effect of the adjective.
In that case "bueno"
(good) and "malo" (bad) loose the "O"
and "grande" looses the ending "DE".
|
Un
maravilloso coche.
A
wonderfull car. |
Una inmensa
casa.
A
huge house. |
Un
buen
soldado.
A good soldier.
|
Un
gran
palacio.
A
great palace. |
- MUCHO (much), POCO (little and
OTRO (other) always precede the noun.
|
Mucho
dinero
Much money.
|
Poco
dinero
Little
money. |
Otro
libro
Another book.
|
|
|
|
b)
The number (Follows same rules as for the nouns). |
|
- To make the plural, the adjective take an
"S" if it finishes on a
no accentuated vowel.
- It takes
"ES" if it
finishes on a consonant or an accentuated "í"
|
Feliz
- Felices
Happy
|
Marroquí
- Marroquíes
Made in Morocco
|
|
|
|
|
- Adjectives ending with an "O" changes it on " A" to
make the feminine.
|
Libro barato
Cheap book.
|
Camisa barata
Cheap shirt. |
|
|
- Other
adjectives never change:
|
Un hombre
importante
An important man.
|
Una mujer importante
An important
woman. |
|
|
|
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.
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|
1
uno, un, una
2 dos
3
tres
4
cuatro
5
cinco
6
seis
7
siete
8
ocho
9
nueve
10
diez |
11
once
12
doce
13
trece
14
catorce
15 quince
16
dieciséis
17
diecisiete
18 dieciocho
19
diecinueve
20 veinte |
21
veintiuno
22 veintidós
23 veintitrés
24 veinticuatro
25 veinticinco
26 veintiséis
27 veintisiete
28 veintiocho
29 veintinuevo
30 treinta |
40
cuarenta
50 cincuenta
60 sesenta
70 setenta
80 ochenta
90 noventa
100
cien o ciento...
200 doscientos/as
300
trescientos/as
400
cuatrocientos/as |
500 quinientos/as
600 seiscientos/as
700
setecientos/as
900
novecientos/as
1.000 mil
10.000 diez mil
100.000 cien mil
1.000.000 un
millón |
|
- From 20 to 30 takes an
"i" and builds a unique word.
- After 30 the progression to next
numbers take an "y" separating both.
|
treinta
y uno.
Thirty-one. |
-
CIENTO before a
noun or before the number MIL (thousand) changes to CIEN.
|
cien personas;
cien mil.
Hundred
persons ; Hundred thousand. |
- CIENTO
adds an "S" in in the masculine (CIENTOS) and
"AS" (CIENTAS) in the feminine.
|
doscientos
euros. Trescientas
sillas. Two hundred
€.; Three hundred chairs |
- MIL
after another number doesn’t change.
|
tres
mil.
Three
thousand. |
|
|
ADJETIVES
ORDINAL NUMBERS |
|
1º,
1ª
primero / a
2º,
2ª segundo
/a
3º...
tercero /...
4º
cuarto
5º
quinto
6º
sexto
7º
séptimo
8º
octavo
9º
noveno
10º
décimo |
11º decimoprimero
12º
décimo segundo
13º
decimotercero
14º
decimocuarto
15º decimoquinto
16º
decimosexto
17º
decimoséptimo
18º decimoctavo
19º decimonoveno
20º
vigésimo |
21º
vigésimo primero
22º
vigésimo
segundo
23º
vigésimo
tercero
30º
trigésimo
40º cuadragésimo
50º quincuagésimo
60º
sexagésimo
70º septuagésimo
80º
octogésimo
90º
nonagésimo |
|
The ordinal
numbers can have a masculine or a feminine ending, as
well as plural or singular: It is enough to change
º by
ª, in order to change
the gender.
|
Soy la 1ª
de mi clase.
I am the fist of
my group. |
Fueron los
4ºs en llegar.
They arrived
on the forth place. |
In the practice
the ordinals are only used from the first to the tenth.
Afterwards and until the thirtieth, numeral are also
used as ordinals.
|
Vivo
en la planta
décimo segunda,
(o en la planta
doce.)
I
live on the twelfth floor. |
After
the thirtieth it is very rare to hear the ordinals and more
common to use the cardinals
as ordinals.
|
Se
encuentra en el puesto 32
(treinta y dos) de la escala.
It
is situated in place thirty-second of the scale. |
With the
names of kings, popes…etc. the ordinals are used until the
tenth. From then on only numerals will be used:
|
Alfonso X
(décimo);
Alfonso XII (doce);
Juan XXII (veintidós) |
|
Gran Canaria.
This Spanish grammar explained in English is brought to you by
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|
MÁS............... QUE |
"Más"
can be placed before an adjective or a noun.
|
Él es
más alto y tiene
más dinero
que yo.
He
is taller and has more money than I. |
|
|
MENOS...........QUE |
"Menos"
can
be placed before an adjective or a noun.
|
Soy
menos alto
que tú.
I am less
important than you. |
Tengo
menos años
que él.
I
am younger than he. |
|
|
TAN............... COMO |
"Tan"
can only be placed before an adjective.
|
El es
tan importante
como ellos.
He is as important as
they. |
|
|
TANTO-A/S... COMO |
"Tanto-a/s"
can only be placed before a noun.
|
Allí hay
tantos hombres
como mujeres.
There are as many men as women. |
|
Optative irregular forms:
|
Más
bueno
Más malo
Más
grande
Más
pequeño
Mas alto
Mas bajo |
mejor
peor
mayor
menor
superior
inferior |
better
worse
biger
(or older)
smaller (or
younger)
higher (or
of more quality)
lower (or of
less quality) |
|
- To
express an admiration will be used the comparative form
although it has nothing to
compare to.
|
¡Qué coche
tan (o más)
caro!
What an expensive car! |
- If
after "MÁS"
or "MENOS" comes a numeral, but without
comparing, the form "DE"
will be used instead of "que".
|
Gana
más de lo que dice.
He
earns more than what he says. |
Cuesta
más de 1.000 €.
It
costs more than 1.000 €. |
- A
verb in the negative form together with the
comparative "más que" means the
same as "sólo" (only) in the affirmative form.
|
No
tiene más que pedirlo
(Sólo tiene que pedirlo).
You only have to
ask for it. |
No
gana más que 5.000 €.
(Sólo gana...)
He earns not more than 2.000 € |
|
Gran Canaria School of Languages. The school.
This Spanish grammar explained in English is brought to you by
Gran
Canaria School of Languages.
Go to the top
|
El,
la, los, las MÁS..... DE |
Es
el más alto
de todos.
|
He
is the tallest of all of them. |
|
El,
la, los, las MENOS.. DE |
Es
la menos lista
del grupo. |
She
is the less intelligent of the group. |
-
If a noun will be used, it will be placed after the
article.
|
|
Es la
ciudad más grande
del mundo.
|
It
is the biggest town on the world. |
|
|
Muy +
Adjective |
La casa es
muy vieja. |
The
house is very old |
|
or
|
|
|
|
Adjective + ÍSIMO /
A / S |
La casa es
viejísima. |
The
house is very, very old |
-
The adverb "MUY" can be replaced by another
such as: super or huge
|
|
Es
enormemente rico.
Es
super rico.
|
He
is huge rich.
He
is super rich. |
|
Gran Canaria School of
Languages. Students during class.
This Spanish grammar explained in English is brought to you by
Gran
Canaria School of Languages.
|
CONJUNCTIONS
(The most important) |
Go to the top
|
Y, E |
and |
-
"Y"
changes to "E" if the following word starts with
"i".
|
Francia
e Inglaterra. |
France and England |
|
|
O, U |
or |
-
"O"
changes to "U" if the following word starts by an accentuated "o" .
|
Uno
u otro. |
One
or the other |
|
|
NI ….Ni |
neither... nor |
-
If "NI" is preceded by a verb this must be in
the negative form.
|
No tengo
ni sed
ni hambre. |
I
have neither thirst nor hunger. |
|
|
PERO |
but |
-
MAS, (with no accent), has a similar
meaning as "pero".
|
Fui a verle,
pero
(mas) no
estaba. |
I
went to see him but he was not there.
|
- Other similar conjunctions are:
"sin embargo", "no obstante" |
|
SINO |
but |
-
It is only used in negative sentences.
|
No es alemán,
sino austriaco.
No
anda
sino que corre. |
He
is not German but Austrian.
He
doesn’t walk but runs. |
"SINO
QUE" has similar meaning but it precedes a
verb. |
|
PORQUE |
because |
- Other similar conjunctions are: "puesto
que", "ya que" and "pues".
|
Trabaja
porque lo necesita. |
I
work because I need it. |
|
|
PUES |
thus/so |
|
Me llamaste,
pues aquí
estoy. (así pues). |
You
called me thus/so here I am. |
|
|
DE MODO QUE
|
so that |
- Other similar conjunctions are: "de
forma que", "de manera que".
|
Enfermó,
de modo que no pudo ir a
trabajar. |
He
got ill so that he could not go to work. |
|
|
QUE |
that |
-
Preceded by verbs expressing feeling, wishes, fears,
doubts or possibilities, the conjunction "QUE" is
followed by a verb in the subjunctive form.
|
Deseo
que
llegue. |
I wish that he arrives.
|
|
|
SI |
whether |
-
Indicates a doubt:
|
No sé
si
vendrá. |
I
don’t know whether he will come. |
-
Or a condition:
|
Si tengo dinero, lo compraré.
Si
viniera le vería. |
If
I have money I will buy it.
If he would come I
woudl see him |
|
|
**
PARA
QUE |
in order that |
|
Voy para
que me vea.
(a fin de que). |
I
go in order that he sees me. |
|
|
*
CUANDO
|
as soon as |
|
Vendrá
cuando pueda.
(así que; tan
pronto como). |
He
will arrive as soon as he can. |
|
|
**
ANTES DE QUE |
before |
|
Llegaremos
antes de que sea tarde. |
We will arrive before
it is too late. |
|
|
**
DESPUÉS DE
QUE |
after |
|
Lo creerán
después de que lo vean. |
They will believe it
after seeing it. |
|
|
*
MIENTRAS |
as long as |
|
Fumarán
mientras tengan dinero. |
They will smoke as long as they
have money. |
|
|
*
AUNQUE |
even |
|
Iré a verte
aunque no quieras
(aun
cuando, por más que). |
I will go
to see you even if you don’t want it. |
|
|
**
SIN
QUE |
without |
|
No sale
sin que le den permiso. |
He
doesn’t go out without getting permission. |
|
|
**
SIEMPRE QUE |
as far as |
|
Lo creo
siempre que me lo asegures
(con tal que, a condición de
que). |
I
believed it as far as you will assured it to me. |
|
|
- The
conjunctions marked with one * can never be followed by a
future but will be substituted by a subjunctive. (They
admit the present o the past time).
|
Iré
aunque no esté.
I shall go even if he is not there.
|
-
The marked with two ** are always followed by a
subjunctive.
|
Se lo digo a
Ud. para que lo haga.
I tell you this so
that you will do it. |
|
Gran Canaria School of
Languages. Our students.
This Spanish grammar explained in English is brought to you by
Gran
Canaria School of Languages.
Go to the top
|
A |
to
at |
-
Direction with movement to an certain place:
|
Voy
a la playa. |
I
go to the beach. |
-
Situation in relation to another object:
|
Sentarse
a la mesa.
|
To
sit at the table. |
- Some
expressions:
|
Voy a pie.
Andar
a gatas.
Escrito
a mano. |
I walk.
To crowl.
Handwriting.
|
- Before a direct
object of persons:
|
Veo
a mi abuela. |
I
see my grandmother.
|
- After
certain verbs:
|
Empezar
a...
Dedicarse
a...
Volver
a...
|
To start to.
To be dedicated to.
To
repeat an action |
- With the
time of the day:
|
A
las 5 en punto,
A
medianoche. |
At 5 o’clock.
At
midnight.
|
|
|
EN |
in
at
of
on
into
by
|
-
Situation:
|
Estoy
en casa. |
I
am at home. |
- Movement to
the inside:
|
Entro
en el cuarto.
|
I
come into the
room. |
- Way
of transportation:
|
Viajo
en tren. Monto
en
bicicleta.
|
I go by train.
I ride a bicycle. |
Exception:
|
A caballo.
|
to
ride a horse . |
-
Some expressions:
|
Hablar
en serio,
en
broma, en secreto. |
to speak
seriously, in fun, in secret.
|
-
After certain verbs:
|
Pensar
en,
Entretenerse
en.
|
to think of
to spend the time
with. |
|
|
DE |
of
about
from
|
-
Property:
|
El coche
de
mi tío. |
The car of my
uncle. |
-
Material:
|
El reloj
de
oro. |
The watch made of
gold.
|
-
Topics:
|
Hablamos
de economía. |
We speak about economics. |
- A part:
|
Un
poco de jamón. |
A little of ham. |
-
Origin:
|
Vengo
de mi
casa. |
I come from my
house. |
- Some
expressions:
|
Estoy
de
pie.
Estamos
de acuerdo. |
I am
standing.
We agree. |
-
Time:
|
De
noche, de
día. |
during
the night. During
the day. |
|
|
PARA |
to
in order to
|
-
Reason:
|
Estudio
para
aprender. |
I study
in order to learn. |
-
Destination:
|
Un
regalo para mí.
El
tren para Madrid. |
A pressent for me.
The
train to Madrid
|
-
Indication of a future time:
|
Para
mañana.
Para
el próximo año. |
for
tomorrow. for next year. |
|
|
POR |
instead
of
because of
by
through
for
during |
-
Reason:
|
No tengo trabajo
por mi enfermedad (a
causa de).
|
I have no work
because of my sickness. |
-
Substitution:
|
Fue a trabajar
por su padre
(en lugar
de). |
He went to work
instead of his father. |
- Pasive sentences:
|
Fue mordido
por un perro. |
He was bitten by a
dog. |
-
Way through:
|
Paseamos
por la ciudad. |
We walk through the
city, |
-
Way:
|
Por la radio,
Por teléfono,
Por el
periódico. |
By the radio, by
phone,
by the press.
|
- Some expressions:
|
Por
prudencia, Por
casualidad, Por
suerte. |
By prudence, by
chance, by luck.
|
- Time:
|
Por el día,
Por la mañana,
Por
una semana. |
During the day,
during the morning, during a week
|
-
Price:
|
Lo compré
por 800 €. |
I
bought it for 800 €. |
-
Measure:
|
100 Kms.
Por hora,
70 €
por kilo. |
100 Km. per
hour,
70 € per kilo. |
|
|
CON |
with |
- Instrument:
|
Escribo
con la pluma. |
I
write with the pen. |
-
Some expressions:
|
Con
prudencia, con cuidado. |
With prudence, with
care. |
-
Accompaniment:
|
Voy
con mi padre.
Carne
con
patatas. |
I go with my father,
Meat with potatoes.
|
|
|
CONTRA |
against |
-
Opposition:
|
Los unos
contra los otros.
Chocó
contra una pared. |
Some
against others.
He
collided against a wall. |
|
|
ANTE |
before
in front of |
(DELANTE DE):
|
Se paró
ante la puerta. |
He stopped in front
of the door. |
|
|
BAJO |
under |
(DEBAJO DE):
|
Duerme
bajo techo. |
He
sleeps under cover. |
|
|
DESDE |
from |
- Origin
from time or place:
|
Desde
aquí, desde ahora. |
From here on.
From now on. |
|
|
SEGÚN |
according to |
|
Habla
según piensa.
Actúa
según las leyes.
|
He
speaks as he thinks.
He
acts according to the laws. |
|
|
ENTRE |
between
among |
- Between time or places:
|
Entre la mesa y la pared.
Entre las 5 y las 6. |
Between
the table and the wall. Between
5 and 6 p.m.. |
-
Collaboration:
|
Lo haremos
entre los tres. |
We shall do it
among all of us. |
|
|
HACIA |
towards
about |
-
Direction:
|
Hacia el
Norte. |
Towards North. |
-
Aproximated time:
|
Hacia el verano.
Hacia
las 5. |
About summer.
About
5 o’clock
|
|
|
SIN |
without
|
- Lack of:
|
Estoy
sin dinero. |
I
am without money. |
|
|
SOBRE |
above
about
around |
(ENCIMA DE):
|
Vuela
sobre las nubes.
|
He
flies above the clouds. |
- Approximation:
|
Cuesta
sobre 500 €. |
It
costs about 500 €. |
-
Topics:
|
Hablaron
sobre su familia. |
They spoke about
their family. |
|
|
TRAS |
behind
after
|
(DETRÁS DE): Place
|
Él estaba
tras la ventana. |
He
was behind the window. |
(DESPUÉS DE):
Time
|
Tras el invierno vino la primavera. |
After
the winter came the sprint . |
|
Gran Canaria.
This Spanish grammar explained in English is brought to you by
Gran
Canaria School of Languages.
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|
AYER |
yesterday
|
Ayer fue
lunes. |
Yesterday
was Monday . |
|
ANOCHE |
last
night |
Anoche fui
a bailar. |
Last
night I went to dance. |
|
ANTEAYER |
before yesterday
|
Anteayer
fue domingo.
|
Before
yesterday was Sunday.
|
|
HOY |
today
|
Hoy es
martes. |
Today
is Tusday. |
|
MAÑANA |
tomorrow
|
Mañana será
miércoles. |
Tomorrow
will be Wednesday. |
|
PASADO
MAÑANA |
after tomorrow
|
Pasado
mañana será jueves.
|
After
tomorrow will be Thursday. |
|
ANTES
|
earlier
|
Antes todo
era más barato.
|
Earlier
everything was cheaper. |
|
AHORA |
now |
Ahora soy
feliz. |
Now
I am happy. |
|
LUEGO |
afterwards |
Te veo
luego. |
I’ll
see you later. |
|
DESPUÉS |
later |
Ven a verme
después. |
Come to see me
afterwards.
|
|
TARDE |
late
|
Ella
siempre llega tarde. |
She
arrives always late. |
|
TEMPRANO |
early
|
El se
levanta temprano. |
He
gets up early. |
|
SIEMPRE |
always
|
El sol es
siempre bienvenido. |
The
sun is always welcome. |
|
NUNCA |
never
|
Nunca
fumo. |
I
never smoke. |
|
JAMÁS |
never |
Jamás
bebo. |
Ich trinke
nie. |
|
TODAVÍA/AÚN |
still
|
Todavía
estoy cansado.
Aún estoy
en la cama. |
I
am still tired. |
|
YA |
already
|
Ya es de
día. |
It
is already daylight. |
|
MIENTRAS |
while
|
Comí
mientras él hablaba. |
I
ate while he was speaking . |
|
PRONTO |
soon
|
Pronto será
de noche. |
It
will be night soon . |
|
PRIMERO |
fisrt
of all |
Primero
telefoneó… |
First
of all he phoned…. |
|
ENTONCES |
then/at
that time |
Entonces
había alli muchos leones.
|
At that time there were many lions in that
place. |
|
DE DÍA |
during
the day |
Trabajamos
por el día.
|
During the day we
work.
|
|
DE NOCHE |
during
the night
|
De noche
dormimos.
|
During
the night we sleep .
|
|
BIEN |
well
|
Escribo
bien. |
I
write well . |
|
MAL |
bad
|
Él habla
mal. |
He
speaks bad. |
|
ASÍ
|
like
this
|
Somos
así.
|
We are like this. |
|
DE PRISA |
fast
|
Andamos
deprisa. |
We
walk fast . |
|
DESPACIO |
slow |
Leemos
despacio. |
We
read slow. |
|
+
the majority of adjectives (in their feminine) with
the suffix "MENTE" |
|
Clara |
CLARAMENTE |
Clearly |
|
Segura |
SEGURAMENTE |
Surely |
|
Terrible |
TERRIBLEMENTE |
Terribly |
|
Tranquila |
TRANQUILAMENTE |
Quietly |
|
Rica |
RICAMENTE |
Richly |
|
Limpia |
LIMPIAMENTE
|
Cleanly |
|
AQUÍ
(ACÁ) |
here
|
Vivimos
aquí. |
We
live here . |
|
AHÍ |
there |
El coche
está ahí. |
The
car is there . |
|
ALLÍ
(ALLÁ) |
there |
Alli están
los Alpes. |
The
Alps are there. |
|
ARRIBA
|
up there |
Ellos están
arriba. |
They
are up there . |
|
ABAJO |
down there |
Ellos están
abajo. |
They
are down there. |
|
ENCIMA |
on top |
Ponlo
encima. |
Put
it on the top. |
|
DEBAJO |
down there |
Ponlo
debajo. |
Put
it down there. |
|
DENTRO |
| | | |
